Swedish

Charles XII led the Swedish army. Swedish allies included Holstein-Gottorp, several Polish magnates under Stanislaw I Leszczynski and Cossacks under the Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa. The Ottoman Empire temporarily hosted Charles XII of Sweden and intervened against Peter I. The war began when an alliance of DenmarkNorway, Saxony, Poland and Russia sensed an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, and declared war on the Swedish Empire. After a series of back and forth battles, the campaign ended with the destruction of the main Swedish army at the decisive 1709 Battle of Poltava (in present-day Ukraine). The coalition members partitioned most of the Swedish dominions among themselves.